Lima is the capital of Peru, founded by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro in 1535, with the colonial Plaza Mayor, the seafront Miraflores cliffs, and a global gastronomy reputation.
Location, geography & climate
Lima sits in the Lima region of Peru, at approximately -12.05°, -77.04°. The metropolitan area covers around 2,672 km² and falls within a tropical climate band, which shapes the city’s seasons, architecture and street life. Local geography — coastline, river basin, hills or plain — typically dictates the layout of historic neighbourhoods, the route of public transport and the choice of building materials seen across Lima.
History & founding
Lima was founded around 1535 CE and has grown into one of the principal urban centres of Peru. Successive waves of migration, trade, conquest and reconstruction have layered the city’s street pattern: older quarters often follow medieval, colonial or pre-industrial street plans, while later expansion reaches outward in planned grids, ring roads or transit corridors. Reading the city’s map is, in many ways, reading its history.
Districts, character & architecture
Like every great city, Lima is built from neighbourhoods rather than blocks. A historic core typically anchors civic and religious landmarks; commercial districts cluster around transport hubs; residential areas radiate outward at different densities and price points. Architecture across Lima reflects the eras of greatest investment — sometimes a single decade dominates the skyline, sometimes a thousand years of building history sits visible on a single street.
Population, economy & daily life
The metropolitan population of Lima is around 11M. Major employment sectors usually include services, public administration, retail, hospitality and (where applicable) finance, technology, manufacturing or maritime industry. Day-to-day life moves to the rhythm of commuter flows, school timetables, market days and the city’s major stadiums, theatres and venues.
Culture, food & nightlife
Cultural life in Lima plays out across museums, galleries, music venues, places of worship, sports arenas and an outdoor calendar of festivals and parades. Cuisine usually reflects both regional traditions and the influence of immigrant communities, with everything from family-run cafés to fine-dining institutions and street-food markets. Nightlife clusters in identifiable districts and tends to peak at weekends and during major celebrations.
Getting around & visiting
Lima is best understood on foot in its older districts, with public transport — metros, trams, buses or commuter rail — bridging the longer distances. Cycling is increasingly common in many cities of comparable size. Visitors typically base themselves near a transport hub to reach landmarks, museums and dining quickly. Time of year matters: peak tourist season tracks the city’s climate, with shoulder seasons often offering the best balance of weather, opening hours and crowd levels.
At a glance
Sort or filter the table to compare values for the city.
| Field | Value | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Country | Peru | — |
| Region | Lima | within country |
| Population | 11M | metropolitan area |
| Area | 2,672 | km² |
| Founded | 1535 CE | — |
| Latitude | -12.0464 | degrees |
| Longitude | -77.0428 | degrees |
| Climate band | tropical | derived from latitude |
Did you know?
Lima sits in the world's second-driest desert (after the Atacama) but rarely receives any rain — it has a unique fog-drip ecosystem called 'lomas'.
