The world, ranked.
63 reference tables across seven categories — geography, demographics, economy, culture, travel, nature, governance. Sourced from the major institutions (UN, World Bank, IMF, UNESCO, Pew, BIS) and updated each year. Click any country to read its profile.
About these rankings
Below are 63 country rankings drawn from the standard reference sources — the World Bank for population and GDP, the IMF for currency reserves, UNESCO for World Heritage Sites, the CIA Factbook for geography, the Reporters Without Borders index for press freedom, Transparency International for corruption perception, and the Henley index for passport power. Where institutions disagree we pick the most recent year all the major bodies agree on. Every country in every top-10 is linked to its full profile.
Geography
Land, water and the lines we draw on the map. Coastlines, peaks, river systems and the patchwork of borders that organise the planet.
Largest countries by area
km² (millions)
Total surface area including inland water. Russia is nearly twice the size of the runner-up.
- 1 Russia 17.10M
- 2 Canada 9.98M
- 3 United States 9.83M
- 4 China 9.60M
- 5 Brazil 8.51M
- 6 Australia 7.69M
- 7 India 3.29M
- 8 Argentina 2.78M
- 9 Kazakhstan 2.72M
- 10 Algeria 2.38M
Smallest countries by area
km²
Vatican City is so small that 80 of them would fit inside Central Park.
- 1 Vatican City 0.49
- 2 Monaco 2.02
- 3 Nauru 21
- 4 Tuvalu 26
- 5 San Marino 61
- 6 Liechtenstein 160
- 7 Marshall Islands 181
- 8 St Kitts & Nevis 261
- 9 Maldives 298
- 10 Malta 316
Longest coastlines
km
Canada's coastline is so fractal it dwarfs every other country — six times longer than Russia's.
- 1 Canada 202,080
- 2 Norway 58,133
- 3 Indonesia 54,716
- 4 Russia 37,653
- 5 Philippines 36,289
- 6 Japan 29,751
- 7 Australia 25,760
- 8 United States 19,924
- 9 New Zealand 15,134
- 10 China 14,500
Highest peaks (by country)
metres
Each country's tallest mountain. Eight of the top ten are in the Himalaya/Karakoram chain.
- 1 Nepal (Everest) 8,849
- 2 China (Everest border) 8,849
- 3 Pakistan (K2) 8,611
- 4 India (Kanchenjunga) 8,586
- 5 Bhutan (Gangkhar Puensum) 7,570
- 6 Tajikistan (Ismoil Somoni) 7,495
- 7 Afghanistan (Noshaq) 7,492
- 8 Kyrgyzstan (Jengish Chokusu) 7,439
- 9 Kazakhstan (Khan Tengri) 7,010
- 10 Argentina (Aconcagua) 6,961
Longest rivers
km
River-length measurement is famously contested — these are the most-cited figures.
- 1 Nile (Africa) 6,650
- 2 Amazon (South America) 6,400
- 3 Yangtze (China) 6,300
- 4 Mississippi-Missouri 6,275
- 5 Yenisei (Russia) 5,539
- 6 Yellow (China) 5,464
- 7 Ob-Irtysh (Russia) 5,410
- 8 Congo (Africa) 4,700
- 9 Amur (Russia/China) 4,444
- 10 Niger (West Africa) 4,180
Most bordering countries
land borders
China and Russia each share land borders with 14 countries — more than any others.
- 1 China 14
- 2 Russia 14
- 3 Brazil 10
- 4 DR Congo 9
- 5 Germany 9
- 6 Turkey 8
- 7 France 8
- 8 Austria 8
- 9 Sudan 7
- 10 India 7
Most timezones
including territories
France leads thanks to overseas departments from French Polynesia to French Guiana.
- 1 France 12
- 2 United States 11
- 3 Russia 11
- 4 United Kingdom 9
- 5 Australia 9
- 6 Canada 6
- 7 Denmark 5
- 8 New Zealand 5
- 9 Brazil 4
- 10 Mexico 4
Countries with the largest lake area
km² of inland water
Total surface area of lakes and inland water bodies inside national borders. Canada's lake-heavy interior pushes it far ahead of much larger countries.
- 1 Canada 891,163
- 2 Russia 720,500
- 3 United States 664,709
- 4 India 314,400
- 5 China 270,550
- 6 Brazil 157,630
- 7 Australia 58,920
- 8 Argentina 47,710
- 9 Finland 33,672
- 10 Kazakhstan 25,200
Countries containing the largest deserts
km² of desert
Total desert area within each country's borders. The Sahara alone spans 11 countries, but Algeria holds the largest share.
- 1 Algeria 2,000,000
- 2 Libya 1,750,000
- 3 Australia 1,371,000
- 4 China 1,295,000
- 5 Mongolia 1,295,000
- 6 Mali 1,240,000
- 7 Sudan 1,100,000
- 8 Saudi Arabia 1,000,000
- 9 Niger 1,000,000
- 10 Egypt 905,000
Countries with the most islands
islands (named + unnamed)
Sweden's archipelago alone holds more islands than most continents. Definitions vary — these figures use each country's official national survey methodology.
- 1 Sweden 267,570
- 2 Norway 239,057
- 3 Finland 188,000
- 4 Canada 52,455
- 5 United States 18,617
- 6 Indonesia 17,500
- 7 Japan 14,125
- 8 Australia 8,222
- 9 Philippines 7,641
- 10 United Kingdom 6,289
Demographics
How many we are, where we live, how long we last, how young or old we tend to be.
Most populous countries
population (millions)
India overtook China in 2023 to become the world's most populous country.
- 1 India 1.43B
- 2 China 1.41B
- 3 United States 335M
- 4 Indonesia 278M
- 5 Pakistan 241M
- 6 Nigeria 224M
- 7 Brazil 217M
- 8 Bangladesh 173M
- 9 Russia 144M
- 10 Mexico 129M
Least populous countries
population
Vatican City has fewer residents than a typical city block.
- 1 Vatican City 510
- 2 Tuvalu 11,000
- 3 Nauru 12,700
- 4 Palau 18,000
- 5 San Marino 33,800
- 6 Monaco 39,000
- 7 Liechtenstein 39,600
- 8 Marshall Islands 42,000
- 9 St Kitts & Nevis 47,700
- 10 Dominica 73,000
Highest population density
people per km²
Monaco fits 39,000 residents into 2 km² — Manhattan-level density at country scale.
- 1 Monaco 19,341
- 2 Singapore 8,424
- 3 Bahrain 2,017
- 4 Maldives 1,832
- 5 Malta 1,668
- 6 Bangladesh 1,265
- 7 Vatican City 1,093
- 8 Lebanon 668
- 9 Taiwan 651
- 10 South Korea 533
Highest life expectancy
years (at birth)
The "Blue Zones" overlap heavily with the top of this list — Hong Kong, Japan, Italy.
- 1 Hong Kong 85.5
- 2 Japan 84.7
- 3 South Korea 84.4
- 4 Australia 84.0
- 5 Switzerland 83.9
- 6 Singapore 83.8
- 7 Italy 83.6
- 8 Spain 83.5
- 9 Iceland 83.2
- 10 France 83.0
Youngest median age
years
The median person in Niger is just 14.8 — half the population is school-age or younger.
- 1 Niger 14.8
- 2 Mali 16.0
- 3 Central African Rep. 16.4
- 4 Somalia 16.7
- 5 Uganda 16.7
- 6 DR Congo 17.0
- 7 Angola 17.1
- 8 Mozambique 17.6
- 9 Zambia 17.6
- 10 Burkina Faso 17.9
Oldest median age
years
Monaco's median resident is 56.9 — one of the consequences of being a tax haven for retirees.
- 1 Monaco 56.9
- 2 Japan 49.9
- 3 Germany 47.8
- 4 Italy 47.4
- 5 Portugal 46.8
- 6 Greece 46.0
- 7 San Marino 45.7
- 8 Spain 45.6
- 9 South Korea 45.0
- 10 Slovenia 44.9
Most urbanised
% urban population
Several countries are functionally 100% urban — entire micro-states or city-states.
- 1 Singapore 100%
- 2 Monaco 100%
- 3 Kuwait 100%
- 4 Vatican City 100%
- 5 Gibraltar 100%
- 6 Qatar 99.4%
- 7 Belgium 98.1%
- 8 Uruguay 95.7%
- 9 Malta 95.0%
- 10 Iceland 94.0%
Highest birth rates
births per 1,000 people
Crude birth rate per thousand population. Sub-Saharan Africa dominates — Niger has the highest sustained birth rate of any country on record.
- 1 Niger 46.5
- 2 Somalia 42.4
- 3 Chad 41.7
- 4 Angola 41.3
- 5 Mali 41.0
- 6 DR Congo 40.4
- 7 Central African Rep. 38.9
- 8 Burundi 36.7
- 9 Mozambique 38.0
- 10 Uganda 37.6
Lowest fertility rates
births per woman
Total fertility rate — the average number of children a woman would bear in her lifetime. South Korea has fallen below 0.8, the lowest figure ever recorded for any country.
- 1 South Korea 0.72
- 2 Hong Kong 0.77
- 3 Puerto Rico 0.90
- 4 Macau 0.93
- 5 Singapore 0.97
- 6 Ukraine 0.98
- 7 China 1.00
- 8 Taiwan 1.09
- 9 Spain 1.16
- 10 Japan 1.20
Largest emigrant populations
people living abroad
Citizens of each country currently living in another country. India's diaspora of 18 million is the largest in absolute terms, well ahead of Mexico and Russia.
- 1 India 18.0M
- 2 Mexico 11.2M
- 3 Russia 10.8M
- 4 China 10.5M
- 5 Syria 8.5M
- 6 Bangladesh 7.8M
- 7 Pakistan 6.3M
- 8 Ukraine 6.1M
- 9 Philippines 6.0M
- 10 Afghanistan 5.7M
Economy
Output, currencies and reserves — the financial sinews that bind nations together.
Largest economies (GDP)
nominal GDP, USD trillions
The US economy alone accounts for ~25% of global GDP at nominal prices.
- 1 United States $28.8T
- 2 China $18.5T
- 3 Germany $4.6T
- 4 Japan $4.1T
- 5 India $3.9T
- 6 United Kingdom $3.5T
- 7 France $3.1T
- 8 Brazil $2.3T
- 9 Italy $2.3T
- 10 Canada $2.2T
Highest GDP per capita
USD
Luxembourg leads — small population, large financial-services sector, EU institutions.
- 1 Monaco $256,000
- 2 Luxembourg $134,700
- 3 Ireland $106,100
- 4 Switzerland $105,700
- 5 Singapore $88,500
- 6 Norway $87,900
- 7 United States $85,400
- 8 Iceland $84,600
- 9 Qatar $80,200
- 10 Denmark $68,800
Most-traded currencies
% of daily forex turnover
Percentages sum to 200 because every trade has two sides — buying one currency means selling another.
- 1 US Dollar 88%
- 2 Euro 31%
- 3 Japanese Yen 17%
- 4 Pound Sterling 13%
- 5 Chinese Yuan 7%
- 6 Australian Dollar 7%
- 7 Canadian Dollar 6%
- 8 Swiss Franc 5%
- 9 Hong Kong Dollar 3%
- 10 Singapore Dollar 2%
Top oil producers
million barrels/day
The US has been the world's top crude producer since 2018, thanks to shale.
- 1 United States 19.4
- 2 Saudi Arabia 11.4
- 3 Russia 10.7
- 4 Canada 5.7
- 5 China 5.3
- 6 Iraq 4.4
- 7 Brazil 4.3
- 8 UAE 4.2
- 9 Iran 3.9
- 10 Kuwait 2.9
Largest gold reserves
tonnes (central bank holdings)
The US holds more gold than the next three countries combined — about 75% of its forex reserves.
- 1 United States 8,133
- 2 Germany 3,352
- 3 Italy 2,452
- 4 France 2,437
- 5 Russia 2,333
- 6 China 2,264
- 7 Switzerland 1,040
- 8 Japan 846
- 9 India 822
- 10 Netherlands 612
Top exporters
goods exports, USD trillions
China has been the world's top exporter since 2009, eclipsing Germany.
- 1 China $3.38T
- 2 United States $2.02T
- 3 Germany $1.69T
- 4 Netherlands $0.94T
- 5 Japan $0.72T
- 6 Italy $0.68T
- 7 France $0.65T
- 8 South Korea $0.63T
- 9 Mexico $0.59T
- 10 Hong Kong $0.57T
Highest minimum wages
USD per hour
Statutory minimum hourly wage in USD at current exchange rates. Australia, Luxembourg and Switzerland alternate top spot depending on the EUR-USD rate.
- 1 Australia $16.40
- 2 Luxembourg $16.10
- 3 New Zealand $14.20
- 4 Ireland $14.10
- 5 United Kingdom $13.90
- 6 Germany $13.50
- 7 Netherlands $13.20
- 8 Belgium $13.00
- 9 France $12.80
- 10 Canada $12.40
Lowest unemployment rates
% of labour force
Official unemployment as a percentage of the active labour force. Qatar's rate reflects its heavy migrant-worker economy; comparable like-for-like data is difficult.
- 1 Qatar 0.1%
- 2 Cambodia 0.3%
- 3 Thailand 1.0%
- 4 Bahrain 1.0%
- 5 Singapore 2.0%
- 6 Kuwait 2.1%
- 7 Switzerland 2.4%
- 8 Japan 2.5%
- 9 South Korea 2.7%
- 10 Malta 2.9%
Largest stock markets by capitalisation
USD trillions
Total market capitalisation of all listed domestic companies. The US accounts for more than 40% of the global total — more than the next five countries combined.
- 1 United States $50.8T
- 2 China $11.5T
- 3 Japan $6.4T
- 4 India $4.7T
- 5 Hong Kong $4.3T
- 6 United Kingdom $3.2T
- 7 France $3.1T
- 8 Canada $3.0T
- 9 Saudi Arabia $2.7T
- 10 Germany $2.4T
Culture
What we speak, what we believe, what we celebrate. The intangible heritage that makes places feel themselves.
Most-spoken languages
total speakers (millions)
English leads when counting all speakers; Mandarin leads if you only count native speakers.
- 1 English 1.5B
- 2 Mandarin 1.1B
- 3 Hindi 602M
- 4 Spanish 548M
- 5 French 274M
- 6 Arabic 274M
- 7 Bengali 273M
- 8 Portuguese 258M
- 9 Russian 255M
- 10 Urdu 232M
World religions
adherents (billions)
About 84% of the world identifies with one of the major faith groups; 16% are unaffiliated.
- 1 CH Christianity 2.38B
- 2 IS Islam 1.91B
- 3 — Unaffiliated 1.19B
- 4 HI Hinduism 1.16B
- 5 BU Buddhism 506M
- 6 FO Folk religions 430M
- 7 JU Judaism 14.7M
- 8 SI Sikhism 30M
- 9 BA Baha'i 8M
- 10 JA Jainism 6M
Most UNESCO heritage sites
inscribed sites
Italy and China are tied at 60 sites — from Pompeii and the Dolomites to the Great Wall and Mt Tai.
- 1 Italy 60
- 2 China 60
- 3 Germany 54
- 4 France 53
- 5 Spain 50
- 6 India 43
- 7 Mexico 35
- 8 United Kingdom 35
- 9 Russia 32
- 10 Iran 28
Highest literacy rates
% of adults
A dozen countries have effectively universal literacy; the figures here are for ages 15+.
- 1 Finland 100%
- 2 Norway 100%
- 3 Luxembourg 100%
- 4 Andorra 100%
- 5 Estonia 99.9%
- 6 Poland 99.8%
- 7 Latvia 99.9%
- 8 Russia 99.7%
- 9 Lithuania 99.8%
- 10 Belarus 99.8%
Most Nobel laureates
cumulative (1901–2024)
The US dominates partly thanks to émigrés — about 35% of US laureates were foreign-born.
- 1 United States 415
- 2 United Kingdom 138
- 3 Germany 115
- 4 France 75
- 5 Sweden 33
- 6 Japan 31
- 7 Russia / USSR 30
- 8 Canada 28
- 9 Switzerland 26
- 10 Austria 22
Happiest countries
World Happiness score (0-10)
Finland has topped the index for seven consecutive years.
- 1 Finland 7.74
- 2 Denmark 7.58
- 3 Iceland 7.53
- 4 Sweden 7.34
- 5 Israel 7.34
- 6 Netherlands 7.32
- 7 Norway 7.30
- 8 Luxembourg 7.12
- 9 Switzerland 7.06
- 10 Australia 7.06
Countries with the most internet users
users (millions)
Absolute number of people online. China leads on raw numbers despite a penetration rate well below the US or Germany.
- 1 China 1.07B
- 2 India 833M
- 3 United States 311M
- 4 Indonesia 213M
- 5 Brazil 181M
- 6 Russia 130M
- 7 Nigeria 122M
- 8 Japan 117M
- 9 Pakistan 116M
- 10 Bangladesh 92M
Countries producing the most films
feature films per year
Feature films produced annually. India's output across multiple regional industries (Bollywood, Tollywood, Mollywood, Kollywood) dwarfs Hollywood's.
- 1 India 2,446
- 2 China 874
- 3 Japan 689
- 4 United States 638
- 5 South Korea 415
- 6 France 340
- 7 United Kingdom 320
- 8 Italy 290
- 9 Spain 270
- 10 Germany 220
Most Olympic medals (all-time)
total medals
Cumulative Summer and Winter Olympic medals across the modern Olympic era (1896–present). The USA's lead is built on decades of dominance in swimming and athletics.
- 1 United States 2,978
- 2 Russia 1,856
- 3 Germany 1,681
- 4 United Kingdom 996
- 5 France 925
- 6 Italy 794
- 7 China 768
- 8 Sweden 660
- 9 Australia 597
- 10 Hungary 539
Travel
Tourist arrivals, airport throughput, the longest non-stops on the timetable. Movement at planetary scale.
Most-visited countries
international arrivals (millions)
France has been the world's top tourist destination for over 30 years.
- 1 France 100M
- 2 Spain 85.2M
- 3 United States 66.5M
- 4 Italy 57.2M
- 5 Turkey 55.2M
- 6 Mexico 42.2M
- 7 United Kingdom 37.2M
- 8 Germany 34.8M
- 9 Greece 32.7M
- 10 Austria 30.2M
Busiest airports
passengers (millions/year)
Atlanta's ATL handles more passengers than any other airport on Earth — and has done since 1998.
- 1 Atlanta (ATL) 104.7M
- 2 Dubai (DXB) 87.0M
- 3 Dallas/Fort Worth (DFW) 81.7M
- 4 London Heathrow (LHR) 79.2M
- 5 Tokyo Haneda (HND) 78.7M
- 6 Denver (DEN) 77.8M
- 7 Istanbul (IST) 76.0M
- 8 Los Angeles (LAX) 75.0M
- 9 Chicago O'Hare (ORD) 73.9M
- 10 Paris CDG (CDG) 67.4M
Highest tourism spend (inbound)
USD billions (receipts)
The US captures the most tourist dollars despite ranking third by visitor count.
- 1 United States $175.9B
- 2 Spain $92.0B
- 3 United Kingdom $73.6B
- 4 France $68.7B
- 5 Italy $56.1B
- 6 Turkey $54.3B
- 7 UAE $52.1B
- 8 Germany $47.1B
- 9 Japan $39.7B
- 10 Australia $35.6B
Longest non-stop flight routes
km (great-circle distance)
The longest scheduled flight in the world is Singapore Airlines' New York-Singapore route at 18 hours.
- 1 Singapore — New York (SIN-JFK) 15,349
- 2 Singapore — Newark (SIN-EWR) 15,344
- 3 Doha — Auckland (DOH-AKL) 14,535
- 4 Auckland — Doha (AKL-DOH) 14,535
- 5 Perth — London (PER-LHR) 14,499
- 6 Auckland — New York (AKL-JFK) 14,207
- 7 Melbourne — Dallas (MEL-DFW) 14,166
- 8 San Francisco — Bengaluru (SFO-BLR) 13,993
- 9 Houston — Sydney (IAH-SYD) 13,834
- 10 Sydney — Dallas (SYD-DFW) 13,804
Most-powerful passports
visa-free destinations
The Henley Index ranks passports by visa-free or visa-on-arrival access.
- 1 Singapore 195
- 2 Japan 193
- 3 Finland 192
- 4 France 192
- 5 Germany 192
- 6 Italy 192
- 7 South Korea 192
- 8 Spain 192
- 9 Sweden 192
- 10 Luxembourg 191
Most tourist-dependent economies
tourists per resident
International tourist arrivals per resident — a ratio that exposes how overwhelmed small destinations become. Andorra hosts roughly 36 tourists for every resident.
- 1 Andorra 36.4×
- 2 Monaco 8.5×
- 3 Iceland 6.3×
- 4 Bahrain 5.5×
- 5 Malta 5.4×
- 6 Croatia 4.5×
- 7 Cyprus 4.4×
- 8 Montenegro 4.0×
- 9 Greece 3.5×
- 10 Portugal 2.8×
Countries with the most airports
airports (all sizes)
Total number of airports including paved and unpaved runways. The US figure includes thousands of small general-aviation strips — comparable international counts depend heavily on methodology.
- 1 United States 13,513
- 2 Brazil 4,093
- 3 Mexico 1,714
- 4 Canada 1,467
- 5 Russia 1,218
- 6 Argentina 916
- 7 Bolivia 855
- 8 Colombia 836
- 9 Paraguay 799
- 10 Indonesia 673
Longest railway networks
km of track
Total length of operational railway track. The US figure is dominated by freight networks; China leads in high-speed rail at over 45,000 km.
- 1 United States 220,480
- 2 China 159,000
- 3 Russia 87,157
- 4 India 68,584
- 5 Canada 49,422
- 6 Germany 39,200
- 7 Argentina 36,966
- 8 Australia 36,064
- 9 Brazil 29,850
- 10 France 29,273
Nature
Forests, biodiversity, rainfall, emissions. The planet's ecological scorecards.
Most forested countries
% of land area
Suriname is over 95% forest — most of it is undisturbed Amazon rainforest.
- 1 Suriname 97.4%
- 2 Guyana 93.6%
- 3 Gabon 90.0%
- 4 Palau 89.4%
- 5 Micronesia 89.2%
- 6 Solomon Islands 77.9%
- 7 Finland 73.7%
- 8 Laos 71.6%
- 9 Japan 68.4%
- 10 South Korea 64.5%
Most biodiverse countries
mammal + bird + amphibian species
The 17 "megadiverse" countries hold over 70% of the world's species. Top here is by raw counts.
- 1 Brazil 3,133
- 2 Colombia 2,880
- 3 Peru 2,541
- 4 Indonesia 2,425
- 5 Mexico 2,316
- 6 Ecuador 2,140
- 7 Venezuela 2,095
- 8 China 2,048
- 9 DR Congo 2,034
- 10 India 1,971
Wettest countries
mm/year (national average)
Colombia's Pacific coast and Bangladesh's monsoon belt drive their averages sky-high.
- 1 Colombia 3,240
- 2 Papua New Guinea 3,142
- 3 Solomon Islands 3,028
- 4 Panama 2,928
- 5 Costa Rica 2,926
- 6 Malaysia 2,875
- 7 Indonesia 2,702
- 8 Bangladesh 2,666
- 9 Fiji 2,592
- 10 Singapore 2,497
Driest countries
mm/year (national average)
Egypt averages just 51mm of annual rainfall — most of which falls along the Mediterranean coast.
- 1 Egypt 51
- 2 Libya 56
- 3 Saudi Arabia 59
- 4 Qatar 74
- 5 UAE 78
- 6 Mauritania 92
- 7 Jordan 111
- 8 Oman 125
- 9 Yemen 167
- 10 Namibia 285
Top CO₂ emitters
megatonnes CO₂/year
Total emissions only — China's lead shrinks dramatically when you compare per-capita.
- 1 China 11,900
- 2 United States 4,910
- 3 India 2,950
- 4 Russia 1,750
- 5 Japan 1,010
- 6 Iran 779
- 7 Saudi Arabia 700
- 8 Indonesia 692
- 9 Germany 666
- 10 South Korea 624
Highest % of protected land
% of total area
Venezuela protects more than half its land — much of it part of the Tepuis and Gran Sabana.
- 1 Venezuela 56.9%
- 2 Luxembourg 51.5%
- 3 Poland 39.7%
- 4 Slovakia 37.6%
- 5 Germany 37.4%
- 6 Greece 35.8%
- 7 France 33.3%
- 8 Brazil 29.7%
- 9 Spain 28.4%
- 10 Costa Rica 28.0%
Highest CO₂ emissions
million tonnes per year
Annual fossil-fuel CO₂ emissions. China and the US together account for over 40% of the global total; the next eight countries combined match China alone.
- 1 China 11,472
- 2 United States 4,853
- 3 India 2,693
- 4 Russia 1,909
- 5 Japan 1,083
- 6 Iran 749
- 7 Indonesia 729
- 8 Germany 674
- 9 Saudi Arabia 672
- 10 South Korea 635
Highest share of renewable electricity
% of generation from renewables
Share of electricity generated from renewables — solar, wind, hydro, biomass and geothermal. Iceland and Norway run almost entirely on hydro and geothermal.
- 1 Iceland 100%
- 2 Paraguay 100%
- 3 Albania 100%
- 4 Costa Rica 99%
- 5 Ethiopia 99%
- 6 Nepal 99%
- 7 Norway 98%
- 8 Bhutan 100%
- 9 Brazil 89%
- 10 New Zealand 84%
Cleanest air (lowest PM2.5)
μg/m³ annual average
Annual average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). The WHO guideline is 5 μg/m³ — only a handful of countries meet it.
- 1 Iceland 4.0
- 2 Bermuda 4.6
- 3 Estonia 4.8
- 4 Puerto Rico 4.9
- 5 Finland 5.0
- 6 Australia 5.3
- 7 New Zealand 5.6
- 8 Grenada 5.6
- 9 Sweden 6.0
- 10 Norway 6.4
Governance
Democracy ages, press freedom, perceived corruption, defence budgets. How nations organise their public life.
Oldest continuous democracies
year established
Iceland's Alþingi began in 930 CE — though modern democracies tend to date from the 19th century.
- 1 Iceland 930 CE (Alþingi)
- 2 San Marino 1300
- 3 United States 1788
- 4 Norway 1814
- 5 Belgium 1831
- 6 United Kingdom 1837 (full)
- 7 Switzerland 1848
- 8 New Zealand 1853
- 9 Australia 1901
- 10 Finland 1907
Newest countries
year of independence
South Sudan, declared in 2011, is the world's newest UN member state.
- 1 South Sudan 2011
- 2 Montenegro 2006
- 3 Serbia 2006
- 4 East Timor 2002
- 5 Palau 1994
- 6 Czech Republic 1993
- 7 Slovakia 1993
- 8 Eritrea 1993
- 9 Bosnia & Herzegovina 1992
- 10 Croatia 1991
Highest press freedom
RSF score (lower = freer)
Norway has topped the World Press Freedom Index every year since 2017.
- 1 Norway 91.89
- 2 Denmark 89.62
- 3 Sweden 88.32
- 4 Netherlands 87.73
- 5 Ireland 86.94
- 6 Finland 86.55
- 7 Portugal 85.90
- 8 Estonia 84.95
- 9 Switzerland 84.01
- 10 Iceland 83.07
Lowest perceived corruption
CPI score (0–100, higher = cleaner)
Denmark and New Zealand have alternated atop the Corruption Perceptions Index for years.
- 1 Denmark 90
- 2 Finland 87
- 3 New Zealand 85
- 4 Norway 84
- 5 Singapore 83
- 6 Sweden 82
- 7 Switzerland 82
- 8 Netherlands 79
- 9 Germany 78
- 10 Luxembourg 78
Highest military spending
USD billions
The US alone accounts for 37% of global military spending.
- 1 United States $916B
- 2 China $296B
- 3 Russia $109B
- 4 India $84B
- 5 Saudi Arabia $76B
- 6 United Kingdom $75B
- 7 Germany $67B
- 8 Ukraine $65B
- 9 France $61B
- 10 Japan $50B
Highest top income tax rates
% of top bracket
Top marginal rate on individual income — the figure most often cited in tax-haven debates.
- 1 Finland 56.9%
- 2 Japan 55.9%
- 3 Denmark 55.9%
- 4 France 55.4%
- 5 Austria 55.0%
- 6 Belgium 53.5%
- 7 Portugal 53.0%
- 8 Sweden 52.0%
- 9 Netherlands 49.5%
- 10 Spain 47.0%
Countries with the most billionaires
USD billionaires
Number of resident billionaires by citizenship. The US has held first place every year since the list began; China overtook second-place Germany in 2014.
- 1 United States 813
- 2 China 473
- 3 India 200
- 4 Germany 132
- 5 Russia 120
- 6 Italy 73
- 7 Hong Kong 67
- 8 Canada 67
- 9 United Kingdom 55
- 10 Brazil 51
Best healthcare systems
Numbeo Health Care Index
Composite index combining waiting times, doctor competency, costs and equipment quality, based on user surveys across 95+ countries.
- 1 Taiwan 86.4
- 2 South Korea 82.6
- 3 Japan 79.4
- 4 France 78.2
- 5 Spain 78.2
- 6 Thailand 77.8
- 7 Belgium 75.7
- 8 Austria 75.7
- 9 Denmark 75.5
- 10 Australia 74.1
How to use these rankings
Each top-10 row links straight to that country's profile, where you can pull together demographics, capitals, flags, and travel notes. If you're browsing rather than looking up something specific, our country encyclopedia indexes all 195 sovereign states alphabetically, by region, and by flag — useful when you spot a country here and want the full picture.
Rankings are updated annually as new figures publish; the source line at the foot of each card shows which institution and which vintage we used. For travel-specific picks rather than reference data, our destinations hub covers the same countries from a visitor's rather than a statistician's point of view.
Frequently asked questions
What is the largest country in the world by area?
Russia, at roughly 17.1 million square kilometres — nearly twice the size of Canada, which ranks second at 9.98 million km². The United States and China are essentially tied for third place around 9.6 to 9.8 million km², with Brazil completing the top five at 8.51 million km². See the full top-10 in the Geography section above.
How many countries are there in the world?
There are 193 member states of the United Nations, plus 2 observer states (the Holy See and the State of Palestine), giving a commonly cited figure of 195. Definitions vary: the CIA World Factbook lists 197 independent states by including Kosovo and Taiwan, and some methodologies push the total higher by counting partially recognised territories. The 60+ rankings on this page draw from the 195-state UN-plus-observers list unless the source institution uses a different definition.
Which country has the most people?
India is now the most populous country, having overtaken China in 2023 at roughly 1.43 billion people. China remains a very close second at around 1.41 billion. The United States is a distant third at about 335 million, followed by Indonesia, Pakistan, Nigeria, and Brazil — see the Demographics section for the full ranking.
What is the most spoken language in the world?
By total speakers (native plus second-language), English is the world's most spoken language at roughly 1.5 billion. Mandarin Chinese is second at around 1.1 billion, followed by Hindi, Spanish, and Arabic. By native speakers alone the order changes — Mandarin leads, then Spanish, then English. The Culture section above shows the totals based on Ethnologue figures.
Which country has the longest coastline?
Canada, by an enormous margin: 202,080 km, almost six times the length of Russia's coastline in second place. Norway and Indonesia round out the top three. The coastline figure depends heavily on measurement scale (the coastline paradox), so the CIA Factbook figures used here are best read as comparative rather than absolute.
What is the world's most visited country?
France has been the most-visited country every year on record except briefly during the COVID-19 pandemic, with roughly 100 million international tourist arrivals annually. Spain is consistent second, followed by the United States, China, Italy, and Turkey. See the Travel section for the full top-10 from the UN World Tourism Organization's latest figures.
Where do these rankings get their data?
Every ranking on this page cites its source in the footer of the card: the World Bank for population and GDP, the IMF for currency reserves, the BIS triennial survey for FX turnover, UNESCO for World Heritage Sites and literacy, the UN World Tourism Organization for arrivals, IATA and ACI for aviation figures, Reporters Without Borders for press freedom, Transparency International for corruption perception, the Henley & Partners index for passport power, and the CIA World Factbook for geography. All figures are 2023–2024 vintage unless the source publishes less frequently.
How often are the rankings updated?
We refresh the data once a year as the major institutions publish new figures, typically over the autumn and winter. Some indices (the V-Dem democracy data, Transparency International's corruption index) publish in spring; others (IMF World Economic Outlook) update twice a year. The source line on each card shows the vintage of the figure currently displayed.