Greece is the southernmost Balkan nation and the cradle of Western civilisation, known for ancient Athens, the Acropolis, more than 6,000 islands and a coastline longer than that of any other Mediterranean country.
Geography & landscape
Greece sits in Southern Europe, in the northern hemisphere of Europe. With an area of approximately 131,957 km², it is a mid-sized country, set in the northern hemisphere and exposed to the temperate climate band typical of its latitude. Its capital, Athens, lies near coordinates 39°, 22°.
The country shares the cultural and geographic context of Europe, with neighbouring states and trade routes shaped by its position in the wider Southern Europe region. Topography, watersheds and coastline (where present) define the practical realities of agriculture, settlement and transport across Greece.
People & society
The population of Greece is around 10.4M. Communities, dialects and customs vary by region, and the country’s sense of identity is shaped by its history, its borders and the everyday rhythms of its towns and cities.
The official language is Greek, used in government, education and most public life. Regional dialects, minority languages and immigrant communities add further linguistic texture.
Government & politics
Greece is structured as a parliamentary republic. Political authority is exercised through institutions based primarily in Athens, with the head of state and head of government performing constitutional roles defined by the country’s legal framework. Domestic policy, foreign relations and the administration of public services all flow from this constitutional core.
Economy & currency
The official currency of Greece is the Euro (EUR). Monetary policy, banking, taxation and trade are managed nationally, often in coordination with regional and international institutions. Major economic activity tends to cluster around Athens and other principal urban centres, with secondary economies built on the country’s natural resources, manufacturing capacity and service industries.
Culture & everyday life
The cultural footprint of Greece shows up in cuisine, music, sport, religious life, festivals and design. National holidays mark the country’s historical pivots; family meals, café culture and street life follow patterns rooted in geography and tradition. International audiences usually meet Greece through its sport, its music, its food, or the global diaspora that carries those things abroad.
Travel essentials
The capital, Athens, is the natural starting point for first-time visitors. International dialling uses the country code +30, and clocks are set to the EET (UTC+2) time zone. ISO standards identify Greece as GR (alpha-2) and GRC (alpha-3) — useful when booking flights, decoding number plates, or matching customs paperwork. The flag, 🇬🇷, appears at every border post and on every passport.
By the numbers
Sort or filter the table below to compare key metrics at a glance.
| Metric | Value | Unit / Note |
|---|---|---|
| Capital city | Athens | — |
| Continent | Europe | — |
| Sub-region | Southern Europe | — |
| Population | 10.4M | people |
| Area | 131,957 | km² |
| Currency | Euro (EUR) | — |
| Calling code | +30 | international dialling |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | standard time |
| Government type | Parliamentary republic | — |
| ISO 3166 alpha-2 | GR | 2-letter code |
| ISO 3166 alpha-3 | GRC | 3-letter code |
| Latitude | 39 | degrees |
| Longitude | 22 | degrees |
Did you know?
Greece is the birthplace of democracy, the marathon, the Olympic Games and Western philosophy — all originating between 800 and 400 BCE.
