Panama is an isthmus connecting Central and South America, world-famous for the Panama Canal which links the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and channels around 5% of global maritime trade.
Geography & landscape
Panama sits in Central America, in the northern hemisphere of North America. With an area of approximately 75,417 km², it is a smaller nation, set in the northern hemisphere and exposed to the tropical climate band typical of its latitude. Its capital, Panama City, lies near coordinates 9°, -80°.
The country shares the cultural and geographic context of North America, with neighbouring states and trade routes shaped by its position in the wider Central America region. Topography, watersheds and coastline (where present) define the practical realities of agriculture, settlement and transport across Panama.
People & society
The population of Panama is around 4.4M. Communities, dialects and customs vary by region, and the country’s sense of identity is shaped by its history, its borders and the everyday rhythms of its towns and cities.
The official language is Spanish, used in government, education and most public life. Regional dialects, minority languages and immigrant communities add further linguistic texture.
Government & politics
Panama is structured as a presidential republic. Political authority is exercised through institutions based primarily in Panama City, with the head of state and head of government performing constitutional roles defined by the country’s legal framework. Domestic policy, foreign relations and the administration of public services all flow from this constitutional core.
Economy & currency
The official currency of Panama is the Panamanian Balboa (PAB), USD. Monetary policy, banking, taxation and trade are managed nationally, often in coordination with regional and international institutions. Major economic activity tends to cluster around Panama City and other principal urban centres, with secondary economies built on the country’s natural resources, manufacturing capacity and service industries.
Culture & everyday life
The cultural footprint of Panama shows up in cuisine, music, sport, religious life, festivals and design. National holidays mark the country’s historical pivots; family meals, café culture and street life follow patterns rooted in geography and tradition. International audiences usually meet Panama through its sport, its music, its food, or the global diaspora that carries those things abroad.
Travel essentials
The capital, Panama City, is the natural starting point for first-time visitors. International dialling uses the country code +507, and clocks are set to the EST (UTC-5) time zone. ISO standards identify Panama as PA (alpha-2) and PAN (alpha-3) — useful when booking flights, decoding number plates, or matching customs paperwork. The flag, 🇵🇦, appears at every border post and on every passport.
By the numbers
Sort or filter the table below to compare key metrics at a glance.
| Metric | Value | Unit / Note |
|---|---|---|
| Capital city | Panama City | — |
| Continent | North America | — |
| Sub-region | Central America | — |
| Population | 4.4M | people |
| Area | 75,417 | km² |
| Currency | Panamanian Balboa (PAB), USD | — |
| Calling code | +507 | international dialling |
| Time zone | EST (UTC-5) | standard time |
| Government type | Presidential republic | — |
| ISO 3166 alpha-2 | PA | 2-letter code |
| ISO 3166 alpha-3 | PAN | 3-letter code |
| Latitude | 9 | degrees |
| Longitude | -80 | degrees |
Did you know?
The Panama Canal saves ships a 13,000 km journey around South America's Cape Horn — typical transit takes 8-10 hours.
