The Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, a narrow strip surrounding the Gambia River and almost entirely enclosed by Senegal, with a tropical Atlantic coast popular with European tourists.
Geography & landscape
The Gambia sits in Western Africa, in the northern hemisphere of Africa. With an area of approximately 10,689 km², it is a smaller nation, set in the northern hemisphere and exposed to the tropical climate band typical of its latitude. Its capital, Banjul, lies near coordinates 13.47°, -16.57°.
The country shares the cultural and geographic context of Africa, with neighbouring states and trade routes shaped by its position in the wider Western Africa region. Topography, watersheds and coastline (where present) define the practical realities of agriculture, settlement and transport across The Gambia.
People & society
The population of The Gambia is around 2.7M. Communities, dialects and customs vary by region, and the country’s sense of identity is shaped by its history, its borders and the everyday rhythms of its towns and cities.
The official language is English, used in government, education and most public life. Regional dialects, minority languages and immigrant communities add further linguistic texture.
Government & politics
The Gambia is structured as a presidential republic. Political authority is exercised through institutions based primarily in Banjul, with the head of state and head of government performing constitutional roles defined by the country’s legal framework. Domestic policy, foreign relations and the administration of public services all flow from this constitutional core.
Economy & currency
The official currency of The Gambia is the Gambian Dalasi (GMD). Monetary policy, banking, taxation and trade are managed nationally, often in coordination with regional and international institutions. Major economic activity tends to cluster around Banjul and other principal urban centres, with secondary economies built on the country’s natural resources, manufacturing capacity and service industries.
Culture & everyday life
The cultural footprint of The Gambia shows up in cuisine, music, sport, religious life, festivals and design. National holidays mark the country’s historical pivots; family meals, café culture and street life follow patterns rooted in geography and tradition. International audiences usually meet The Gambia through its sport, its music, its food, or the global diaspora that carries those things abroad.
Travel essentials
The capital, Banjul, is the natural starting point for first-time visitors. International dialling uses the country code +220, and clocks are set to the GMT (UTC+0) time zone. ISO standards identify The Gambia as GM (alpha-2) and GMB (alpha-3) — useful when booking flights, decoding number plates, or matching customs paperwork. The flag, 🇬🇲, appears at every border post and on every passport.
By the numbers
Sort or filter the table below to compare key metrics at a glance.
| Metric | Value | Unit / Note |
|---|---|---|
| Capital city | Banjul | — |
| Continent | Africa | — |
| Sub-region | Western Africa | — |
| Population | 2.7M | people |
| Area | 10,689 | km² |
| Currency | Gambian Dalasi (GMD) | — |
| Calling code | +220 | international dialling |
| Time zone | GMT (UTC+0) | standard time |
| Government type | Presidential republic | — |
| ISO 3166 alpha-2 | GM | 2-letter code |
| ISO 3166 alpha-3 | GMB | 3-letter code |
| Latitude | 13.47 | degrees |
| Longitude | -16.57 | degrees |
Did you know?
The Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, almost entirely enclosed by Senegal except for a short Atlantic coast.
