Europe is home to five island nations, each with unique characteristics that enrich the continent’s cultural and geographical diversity. These countries include Iceland, Ireland, Great Britain, Malta, and Cyprus, spanning the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and surrounding waters.
Island Countries in Europe
Europe is home to a diverse range of countries, including several island nations scattered across the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, and surrounding seas. These island countries boast unique cultures, histories, and geographies that make them integral parts of the continent’s character. This article explores the island nations of Europe, their defining characteristics, and their significance.
The 5 Island Countries Of Europe
Island countries in Europe are sovereign states entirely surrounded by water. Each of these nations has its distinct charm and contributes to the cultural and economic tapestry of Europe. Below is a list of these island countries, along with their total area and population.
| Flag | Country | Area (km²) | Population |
|---|---|---|---|
 | Iceland | 103,000 | 376,000 |
 | Ireland | 70,273 | 5,300,000 |
 | Great Britain | 209,331 | 67,700,000 |
 | Malta | 316 | 516,000 |
 | Cyprus | 9,251 | 1,280,000 |
Iceland
Iceland, known as the “Land of Fire and Ice,” is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic. Famous for its dramatic landscapes of volcanoes, glaciers, geysers, and hot springs, Iceland is a global leader in renewable energy, using geothermal and hydropower resources. Reykjavik, its capital, is a hub of culture and innovation. Despite its small population, Iceland has a rich literary history, including medieval sagas and modern achievements.
Ireland
Ireland, often referred to as the “Emerald Isle,” is an island nation located in the North Atlantic. Known for its lush green landscapes, Ireland is rich in history and folklore.
The island is divided between the Republic of Ireland, which is a sovereign state that covers five-sixths of the island, and Northern Ireland, which is part of the United Kingdom.
Great Britain
Great Britain is the largest island in Europe and the ninth-largest in the world, is located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. It forms the majority of the landmass of the United Kingdom (UK), which also includes Northern Ireland and several smaller islands. Great Britain comprises three distinct nations: England, Scotland, and Wales, each with its own culture, history, and identity.
Malta
Malta, an archipelago in the central Mediterranean, is one of the smallest countries in Europe. Known for its historical sites, including megalithic temples and medieval architecture, Malta has been a strategic location for centuries. Valletta, the capital, is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Malta is also known for its sunny weather, vibrant tourism industry, and English-speaking population, making it a popular destination for visitors and expatriates.
Cyprus
Cyprus is a unique and complex island nation in the Eastern Mediterranean, known not only for its historical and cultural richness but also for its political division. The island has been split into two main parts since 1974: the Republic of Cyprus in the south, which is internationally recognised, and the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) in the north, recognised only by Turkey. The division is marked by the Green Line, a United Nations buffer zone that stretches across the island, including through the capital city, Nicosia.
